shortness of breath and bloating
Legionnaires' disease: What You Need To Know Legionnaires' disease is a form of pneumonia that can occur when a person breathes in Legionella bacteria. Most cases are due to poor water management. In 2015, around people received a diagnosis of Legionnaire's disease, also known as Pontiac disease, in the United States (USA). However, there may be more cases that are not detected. In cases, it's fatal. The incidence of the disease increased almost from 2000 to 2014. Quick data on Legionnaire disease: Here are some key points about Legionnaire disease. More details is in the main article. Legionary disease may be difficult to diagnose at first, as your signs and symptoms may be very similar to other forms of . Signs and symptoms usually occur between days after initial infection. They usually include: Some patients may experience only muscle aches and mild headache to start, and the other signs begin to appear 1 to 2 days later. When more severe symptoms appear, the fever will be high. Muscle pains often get worse, and the patient begins to have chills. Often, bacteria enter the patient's lungs, leading to persistent cough, shortness of breath and chest pains. The cough may be dry at first, but as the infection progresses, there will be mucus and maybe blood. About 1 in 3 infected patients will experience nausea, vomiting and . Those with gastrointestinal symptoms will usually have an extremely reduced appetite. There may be confusion and alteration of the mental state. Complications Respiratory failure may occur, where the body does not get enough oxygen from the lungs to function properly. Kidney failure is possible, due to a buildup of fluids and residues in the blood. Septic shock can occur if the infection reaches the blood. A sudden drop means that insufficient blood will reach vital organs, including the brain and kidneys. Legionary disease appears mainly as isolated and single cases, not linked to any recognized outbreak. However, at least they happen every year. The shoots are more likely in the summer or early autumn, but may occur at any time of the year. Legionella bacteria commonly exist in water. They are found in rivers and lakes, and some other water sources, usually in low numbers. From time to time, they can enter artificial water supply systems, for example through the evaporative capacitors associated with air conditioning and industrial cooling. They may appear wherever the water is being supplied or used artificially. People catch legionary disease by inhaling small drops of contaminated water, but not drinking it. An infected person usually cannot pass the infection to another person, although it is possible in rare cases. Legionary disease is most likely in places with complex water supply systems, such as hospitals, hotels and buildings that cater to a large number of people. Legionella bacteria exist in rivers, lakes and other places with fresh water, but the numbers are usually low because the water temperature in such places is too low for bacteria to multiply quickly. In artificial water systems, however, water temperatures can be higher. Temperatures between 68 and 113 degrees Fahrenheit, or 20 to 45 degrees Celsius, can be ideal for bacteria to multiply quickly and spread. This can infect the main parts of the water system. An ideal environment also provides the right food. Impurities, such as algae, sludge, oxidation, and lime scale are types of food for this type of bacteria. Hotels, hospitals and large buildings can provide the ideal environment if they have an air conditioning system that uses water to cool. Other types of artificial water systems that can be contaminated include fountains, bathrooms, showers, water taps, garden sprinklers, spas and humidifiers. Some risk factors can make a person more susceptible to Legionnaire disease. Age: It is more likely to affect people over 50 years of age. Existing health conditions: People with respiratory problems, including smokers, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and those with , have a higher risk. A weakened immune system: Patients with , kidney disease, and others who are at greater risk, as their immune system is compromised. Lifestyle Factors: Heavy alcohol consumption increases risk and a study has to use cannabis can increase susceptibility. A CDC report that newborns delivered in a bath of birth, or birth of water, may be at risk for Legionary disease. From 2011 to 2015, there was only one case of a baby who contracted the disease before the age of 1 month. However, in the first 4 months of 2016, two babies were treated by Legionnaire's disease, and both were born in a delivery bathtub. A doctor will consider signs and symptoms and ask if the patient has spent time in a large building, such as a hotel or a hospital. Tests that can help detect the disease include: A lumbar puncture, or spinal puncture, may reveal whether the disease has affected the brain. Treatment usually involves , given by mouth or intravenous for 10 to 14 days. Adverse effects may include nausea, dizziness, headaches, loss of appetite and chest pain. Some patients may receive intravenous fluids to prevent. Older patients and those with a weak immune system or another chronic condition, such as diabetes, can be hospitalized. If the lungs are badly affected, the patient will receive oxygen. Water systems should be maintained adequately to prevent legionary disease. The water should be kept below 20 degrees Celsius or 68 degrees Fahrenheit, or more than 60 degrees Celsius or 140 degrees Fahrenheit. Impurities should not be allowed to accumulate in the water. Owners and managers of commercial buildings are urged to follow the water safety guidelines. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) declare that most cases are produced through improved water management. They note that between 2000 and 2014, "Almost all outbreaks were caused by preventable problems with more effective water management." Legionnaires' disease takes its name from the first recognized outbreak, which occurred during a convention of the American Legion in Philadelphia in July 1976. The bacteria extend through the air conditioning system. The first person died on 27 July, 3 days after the conclusion of the convention. During the following week, more than 130 people, mostly men, were admitted to the hospital, and 25 of them died. Everyone had been at the same conference, and they had all stayed at the same hotel. In January 1977, the cause was identified as a previously unknown bacterium, which was then called Legionella. Legionary disease is also known as legionellosis. Last medical review on July 11, 2017Most recent newsRelated coverage
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